Nodulose roots-This type of roots become swollen near the tips. The adventitious roots are modified so as to: 1. They become red in the moistened state. Microscopic examination of root sections treated with the PIP1 and PIP2 antibodies revealed high immunoreactivity in the cortex of non-flooded roots, as compared with flooded roots. For eg., sweet potato. They are of several types depending upon the shape and place of the swollen part: The swollen roots do not assume a definite shape. Climbing roots penetrate the cracks or fissures of the support and help the plant to climb. They are like green hanging threads which arise from the stem nodes during the rainy seasons and shrivel during drought. 5.23), Dahlia. The swollen roots or root tubers occur in clusters. in horseradish and apple. The series of these outgrowths looks like discs stacked one above the other. They may arise from the nodes (e.g., Tecoma, Betel), intemodes (Ficus pumila) or both (e.g., Ivy). The plant, in turn, support the fungus with organic food. Rhizomes are distinguished from roots in having nodes with reduced leaves and internodes. They are formed from the root primordial cells and found in monocotyledonous plants. These are green roots that are capable of performing photosynthesis due to the presence of chloroplast in their cells. 5.11 B) while in Asparagus the fasciculated fleshy roots occur at intervals on the normal roots (Fig. Some of the underground stem modifications are: Our mission is to provide an online platform to help students to share notes in Biology. Shakar Kandi, Fig. Monocot Adventitious Root System Aerial Roots or Epiphytic Roots Utilized for their attachment in tree branches. These roots are also swollen. It may be a modification of tap root, e.g., Mirabilis jalapa (Four O’clock plant), or of adventitious root, e.g., Ipomoea batatas (sweet potato). They are green roots which are capable of photosynthesis. Cucurbita maxima Raphanus sativus Paspalum conjugatum Dioscorea fasciculata Pachyrhizus erosus Bryophyllum sp. The main reasons of modifications in adventitious roots are : Food Storage; Mechanical support; To Carry out special functions. In case of tuberous roots, shoots sprout from one end while roots arise from the other end. Adventitious Root System: Types, Modifications and Examples, Modifications of Adventitious Root System, Golgi Apparatus: Structure, Functions and Diagram, Project Implementation, Control, and Closure, Examples of Conventional Sources of Energy, Nuclear Energy: Advantages and Disadvantages, Difference Between a Cloning Vector and an …, Taproot System: Types, Modifications and Examples. African violet and sedum leaves and shoots of poinsettia and coleus. Nodulose Roots are single beads. Biology Q&A Library Scientific Name Monocot or Dicot Types of Root System Modification (if any) Function(s) Zea mays Monocot Adventitious Root System, Vanda sp. 5.17) the green assimilatory roots are submerged like other roots. Modification of adventitious root Tuberous roots are without any definite shape; example:Sweet potato. Tap root modifications • Tap root system is modified into different forms to carry out special function. Tuberous roots are produced singly and not in clusters. These roots are modified to support the thick and heavy branches. Examples include rhizomes, corms, tubers. Fasciculated Tuberous Roots is the cluster of adventitious roots for food storage. Provide Support 3. They have a definite shape, eg., … The adventitious buds can grow into new plants under favourable con­ditions. 5.16 C), and Betel (vern. The partial parasite of Viscum (Mistletoe) is green. An interesting fact is that even if the trunk dies, the tree as whole remains alive because the prop roots of the tree are supporting and nourishing the crown. Fasciculated roots occur in the form of clusters. 5.16A), Pothos (Money Plant, Fig. Modification. Some of the underground stems are modified for food storage and to survive under unfavourable conditions. These are modified tap roots. Kulfa), Momordica (Fig. Example. Prop roots: Prop roots are adventitious roots with the specific function of providing stability to a plant. Reproductive roots are modified adventitious roots which help in reproduction. FUSIFORM: • It is a modified tap root. These are non-absorptive adventitious roots which are found in climbers. Assimilatory roots are highly branched to increase their surface area so that maximum amount of sunlight is absorbed by them. Sanghara, Fig. Adventitious roots as storage organs are specialized to perform the function of food storage. 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